Surfaces

class Surface()

class cairo.Surface

cairo.Surface is the abstract type representing all different drawing targets that cairo can render to. The actual drawings are performed using a Context.

A cairo.Surface is created by using backend-specific constructors of the form cairo.<XXX>Surface().

Surface is the abstract base class from which all the other surface classes derive. It cannot be instantiated directly.

Note

New in version 1.17.0: cairo.Surface can be used as a context manager:

# surface.finish() will be called on __exit__
with cairo.SVGSurface("example.svg", 200, 200) as surface:
    pass

# surface.unmap_image(image_surface) will be called on __exit__
with surface.map_to_image(None) as image_surface:
    pass

__init__()

copy_page() → None

Emits the current page for backends that support multiple pages, but doesn’t clear it, so that the contents of the current page will be retained for the next page. Use show_page() if you want to get an empty page after the emission.

Context.copy_page() is a convenience function for this.

New in version 1.6.

create_for_rectangle(x: float, y: float, width: float, height: float) → Surface

Parameters:

x – the x-origin of the sub-surface from the top-left of the target surface (in device-space units)
y – the y-origin of the sub-surface from the top-left of the target surface (in device-space units)
width – width of the sub-surface (in device-space units)
height – height of the sub-surface (in device-space units)

Returns:

a new surface

Create a new surface that is a rectangle within the target surface. All operations drawn to this surface are then clipped and translated onto the target surface. Nothing drawn via this sub-surface outside of its bounds is drawn onto the target surface, making this a useful method for passing constrained child surfaces to library routines that draw directly onto the parent surface, i.e. with no further backend allocations, double buffering or copies.

Note

The semantics of subsurfaces have not been finalized yet unless the rectangle is in full device units, is contained within the extents of the target surface, and the target or subsurface’s device transforms are not changed.

New in version 1.12.0.

create_similar(content: Content, width: int, height: int) → Surface

Parameters:

content – the content for the new surface
width – width of the new surface, (in device-space units)
height – height of the new surface (in device-space units)

Returns:

a newly allocated Surface.

Create a Surface that is as compatible as possible with the existing surface. For example the new surface will have the same fallback resolution and FontOptions. Generally, the new surface will also use the same backend, unless that is not possible for some reason.

Initially the surface contents are all 0 (transparent if contents have transparency, black otherwise.)

create_similar_image(format: Format, width: int, height: int) → ImageSurface

Parameters:

format (cairo.Format) – the format for the new surface
width – width of the new surface, (in device-space units)
height – height of the new surface, (in device-space units)

Returns:

a new image surface

Create a new image surface that is as compatible as possible for uploading to and the use in conjunction with an existing surface. However, this surface can still be used like any normal image surface.

Initially the surface contents are all 0 (transparent if contents have transparency, black otherwise.)

New in version 1.12.0.

finish() → None: This method finishes the Surface and drops all references to external resources. For example, for the Xlib backend it means that cairo will no longer access the drawable, which can be freed. After calling finish() the only valid operations on a Surface are flushing and finishing it. Further drawing to the surface will not affect the surface but will instead trigger a cairo.Error exception.

flush() → None: Do any pending drawing for the Surface and also restore any temporary modification’s cairo has made to the Surface’s state. This method must be called before switching from drawing on the Surface with cairo to drawing on it directly with native APIs. If the Surface doesn’t support direct access, then this function does nothing.

get_content() → Content

Returns:: The content type of Surface, which indicates whether the Surface contains color and/or alpha information.

New in version 1.2.

get_device() → Device | None

Returns:: the device or None if the surface does not have an associated device

This function returns the device for a surface.

New in version 1.14.0.

get_device_offset() → Tuple[float, float]

Returns:

(x_offset, y_offset) a tuple of float

x_offset: the offset in the X direction, in device units
y_offset: the offset in the Y direction, in device units

This method returns the previous device offset set by set_device_offset().

New in version 1.2.

get_device_scale() → Tuple[float, float]

Returns:: (x_scale,y_scale) a 2-tuple of float

This function returns the previous device offset set by Surface.set_device_scale().

New in version 1.14.0.

get_fallback_resolution() → Tuple[float, float]

Returns:

(x_pixels_per_inch, y_pixels_per_inch) a tuple of float

x_pixels_per_inch: horizontal pixels per inch
y_pixels_per_inch: vertical pixels per inch

This method returns the previous fallback resolution set by set_fallback_resolution(), or default fallback resolution if never set.

New in version 1.8.

get_font_options() → FontOptions

Returns:: a FontOptions

Retrieves the default font rendering options for the Surface. This allows display surfaces to report the correct subpixel order for rendering on them, print surfaces to disable hinting of metrics and so forth. The result can then be used with ScaledFont.

get_mime_data(mime_type: str) → bytes | None

Parameters:: mime_type – the MIME type of the image data (cairo.MIME_TYPE)
Returns:: bytes or None

Return mime data previously attached to surface with set_mime_data() using the specified mime type. If no data has been attached with the given mime type, None is returned.

New in version 1.12.0.

has_show_text_glyphs() → bool

Returns:: True if surface supports Context.show_text_glyphs(), False otherwise

Returns whether the surface supports sophisticated Context.show_text_glyphs() operations. That is, whether it actually uses the provided text and cluster data to a Context.show_text_glyphs() call.

Note: Even if this function returns False, a Context.show_text_glyphs() operation targeted at surface will still succeed. It just will act like a Context.show_glyphs() operation. Users can use this function to avoid computing UTF-8 text and cluster mapping if the target surface does not use it.

New in version 1.12.0.

map_to_image(extents: RectangleInt | None) → ImageSurface

Parameters:: extents – limit the extraction to an rectangular region or None for the whole surface
Returns:: newly allocated image surface
Raises:: Error –

Returns an image surface that is the most efficient mechanism for modifying the backing store of the target surface.

Note, the use of the original surface as a target or source whilst it is mapped is undefined. The result of mapping the surface multiple times is undefined. Calling Surface.finish() on the resulting image surface results in undefined behavior. Changing the device transform of the image surface or of surface before the image surface is unmapped results in undefined behavior.

The caller must use Surface.unmap_image() to destroy this image surface.

New in version 1.15.0.

mark_dirty() → None: Tells cairo that drawing has been done to Surface using means other than cairo, and that cairo should reread any cached areas. Note that you must call flush() before doing such drawing.

mark_dirty_rectangle(x: int, y: int, width: int, height: int) → None

Parameters:

x – X coordinate of dirty rectangle
y – Y coordinate of dirty rectangle
width – width of dirty rectangle
height – height of dirty rectangle

Like mark_dirty(), but drawing has been done only to the specified rectangle, so that cairo can retain cached contents for other parts of the surface.

Any cached clip set on the Surface will be reset by this function, to make sure that future cairo calls have the clip set that they expect.

set_device_offset(x_offset: float, y_offset: float) → None

Parameters:

x_offset – the offset in the X direction, in device units
y_offset – the offset in the Y direction, in device units

Sets an offset that is added to the device coordinates determined by the CTM when drawing to Surface. One use case for this function is when we want to create a Surface that redirects drawing for a portion of an onscreen surface to an offscreen surface in a way that is completely invisible to the user of the cairo API. Setting a transformation via Context.translate() isn’t sufficient to do this, since functions like Context.device_to_user() will expose the hidden offset.

Note that the offset affects drawing to the surface as well as using the surface in a source pattern.

set_device_scale(x_scale: float, y_scale: float) → None

Parameters:

x_scale – a scale factor in the X direction
y_scale – a scale factor in the Y direction

Sets a scale that is multiplied to the device coordinates determined by the CTM when drawing to surface . One common use for this is to render to very high resolution display devices at a scale factor, so that code that assumes 1 pixel will be a certain size will still work. Setting a transformation via Context.translate() isn’t sufficient to do this, since functions like Context.device_to_user() will expose the hidden scale.

New in version 1.14.0.

set_fallback_resolution(x_pixels_per_inch: float, y_pixels_per_inch: float) → None

Parameters:

x_pixels_per_inch – horizontal setting for pixels per inch
y_pixels_per_inch – vertical setting for pixels per inch

Set the horizontal and vertical resolution for image fallbacks.

When certain operations aren’t supported natively by a backend, cairo will fallback by rendering operations to an image and then overlaying that image onto the output. For backends that are natively vector-oriented, this function can be used to set the resolution used for these image fallbacks, (larger values will result in more detailed images, but also larger file sizes).

Some examples of natively vector-oriented backends are the ps, pdf, and svg backends.

For backends that are natively raster-oriented, image fallbacks are still possible, but they are always performed at the native device resolution. So this function has no effect on those backends.

Note: The fallback resolution only takes effect at the time of completing a page (with Context.show_page() or Context.copy_page()) so there is currently no way to have more than one fallback resolution in effect on a single page.

The default fallback resoultion is 300 pixels per inch in both dimensions.

New in version 1.2.

set_mime_data(mime_type: str, data: bytes) → None

Parameters:

mime_type – the MIME type of the image data (cairo.MIME_TYPE)
data – the image data to attach to the surface

Attach an image in the format mime_type to Surface. To remove the data from a surface, call this function with same mime type and None for data.

The attached image (or filename) data can later be used by backends which support it (currently: PDF, PS, SVG and Win32 Printing surfaces) to emit this data instead of making a snapshot of the surface. This approach tends to be faster and requires less memory and disk space.

The recognized MIME types are listed under cairo.MIME_TYPE.

See corresponding backend surface docs for details about which MIME types it can handle. Caution: the associated MIME data will be discarded if you draw on the surface afterwards. Use this function with care.

New in version 1.12.0.

show_page() → None

Emits and clears the current page for backends that support multiple pages. Use copy_page() if you don’t want to clear the page.

There is a convenience function for this that takes a Context.show_page().

New in version 1.6.

supports_mime_type(mime_type: str) → bool

Parameters:: mime_type – the mime type (cairo.MIME_TYPE)
Returns:: True if surface supports mime_type, False otherwise

Return whether surface supports mime_type.

New in version 1.12.0.

write_to_png(fobj: cairo._FileLike | cairo._PathLike) → None

Parameters:

fobj – a filename or writable file object

Raises:

MemoryError if memory could not be allocated for the operation

IOError if an I/O error occurs while attempting to write the file

Writes the contents of Surface to fobj as a PNG image. fobj can either be a filename or a file object opened in binary mode.

unmap_image(image: ImageSurface) → None

Parameters:: image – the currently mapped image

Unmaps the image surface as returned from Surface.map_to_image().

The content of the image will be uploaded to the target surface. Afterwards, the image is destroyed.

Using an image surface which wasn’t returned by Surface.map_to_image() results in undefined behavior.

New in version 1.15.0.

class ImageSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.ImageSurface(format: Format, width: int, height: int)

A cairo.ImageSurface provides the ability to render to memory buffers either allocated by cairo or by the calling code. The supported image formats are those defined in cairo.Format.

__init__(format: Format, width: int, height: int) → None

Parameters:

format – format of pixels in the surface to create
width – width of the surface, in pixels
height – height of the surface, in pixels

Returns:

a new ImageSurface

Creates an ImageSurface of the specified format and dimensions. Initially the surface contents are all 0. (Specifically, within each pixel, each color or alpha channel belonging to format will be 0. The contents of bits within a pixel, but not belonging to the given format are undefined).

classmethod create_for_data(data: memoryview, format: Format, width: int, height: int, stride: int = Ellipsis) → ImageSurface

Parameters:

data – a writable Python buffer/memoryview object
format – the format of pixels in the buffer
width – the width of the image to be stored in the buffer
height – the height of the image to be stored in the buffer
stride – the number of bytes between the start of rows in the buffer as allocated. If not given the value from cairo.Format.stride_for_width() is used.

Returns:

a new ImageSurface

Raises:

MemoryError in case of no memory.

cairo.Error in case of invalid stride value.

Creates an ImageSurface for the provided pixel data. The initial contents of buffer will be used as the initial image contents; you must explicitly clear the buffer, using, for example, cairo_rectangle() and cairo_fill() if you want it cleared.

Note that the stride may be larger than width*bytes_per_pixel to provide proper alignment for each pixel and row. This alignment is required to allow high-performance rendering within cairo. The correct way to obtain a legal stride value is to call cairo.Format.stride_for_width() with the desired format and maximum image width value, and use the resulting stride value to allocate the data and to create the ImageSurface. See cairo.Format.stride_for_width() for example code.

classmethod create_from_png(fobj: cairo._PathLike | cairo._FileLike) → ImageSurface

Parameters:: fobj – a _PathLike, file, or file-like object of the PNG to load.
Returns:: a new ImageSurface initialized the contents to the given PNG file.

Creates a new image surface and initializes the contents to the given PNG file. fobj can either be a filename or a file object opened in binary mode.

format_stride_for_width(width: int) → int: See cairo.Format.stride_for_width().

New in version 1.6.

get_data() → memoryview

Returns:: a Python buffer object for the data of the ImageSurface, for direct inspection or modification. On Python 3 a memoryview object is returned.

New in version 1.2.

get_format() → Format

Returns:: the format of the ImageSurface.
Return type:: cairo.Format

New in version 1.2.

get_height() → int

Returns:: the height of the ImageSurface in pixels.

get_stride() → int

Returns:: the stride of the ImageSurface in bytes. The stride is the distance in bytes from the beginning of one row of the image data to the beginning of the next row.

get_width() → int

Returns:: the width of the ImageSurface in pixels.

class PDFSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.PDFSurface(fobj: cairo._PathLike | cairo._FileLike, width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float)

The PDFSurface is used to render cairo graphics to Adobe PDF files and is a multi-page vector surface backend.

New in version 1.2.

__init__(fobj: cairo._PathLike | cairo._FileLike, width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float) → None

Parameters:

fobj – a filename or writable file object. None may be used to specify no output. This will generate a PDFSurface that may be queried and used as a source, without generating a temporary file.
width_in_points – width of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
height_in_points – height of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)

Returns:

a new PDFSurface of the specified size in points to be written to fobj.

New in version 1.2.

set_custom_metadata(name: str, value: str | None) → None

Parameters:

name – The name of the custom metadata item to set.
value – The value of the metadata.

Set custom document metadata. name may be any string except for the following names reserved by PDF: “Title”, “Author”, “Subject”, “Keywords”, “Creator”, “Producer”, “CreationDate”, “ModDate”, “Trapped”.

If value is None or an empty string, the name metadata will not be set.

For example:

surface.set_custom_metadata("ISBN", "978-0123456789")

New in version 1.23.0: Only available with cairo 1.17.6+

set_size(width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float) → None

Parameters:

width_in_points – new surface width, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
height_in_points – new surface height, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)

Changes the size of a PDFSurface for the current (and subsequent) pages.

This function should only be called before any drawing operations have been performed on the current page. The simplest way to do this is to call this function immediately after creating the surface or immediately after completing a page with either Context.show_page() or Context.copy_page().

New in version 1.2.

restrict_to_version(version: PDFVersion) → None

Parameters:: version – PDF version

Restricts the generated PDF file to version . See get_versions() for a list of available version values that can be used here.

This function should only be called before any drawing operations have been performed on the given surface. The simplest way to do this is to call this function immediately after creating the surface.

New in version 1.12.0.

static get_versions() → List[PDFVersion]

Returns:: supported version list

Retrieve the list of supported versions. See restrict_to_version().

New in version 1.12.0.

static version_to_string(version: PDFVersion) → str

Parameters:: version – PDF version
Returns:: the string associated to the given version
Raises:: ValueError – if version isn’t valid

Get the string representation of the given version id. See get_versions() for a way to get the list of valid version ids.

New in version 1.12.0.

add_outline(parent_id: int, utf8: str, link_attribs: str, flags: PDFOutlineFlags) → int

Parameters:

parent_id – the id of the parent item or PDF_OUTLINE_ROOT if this is a top level item.
utf8 – the name of the outline
link_attribs – the link attributes specifying where this outline links to
flags – outline item flags

Returns:

the id for the added item.

New in version 1.18.0: Only available with cairo 1.15.10+

set_metadata(metadata: PDFMetadata, utf8: str) → None

Parameters:

metadata – The metadata item to set.
utf8 – metadata value

Set document metadata. The PDFMetadata.CREATE_DATE and PDFMetadata.MOD_DATE values must be in ISO-8601 format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss. An optional timezone of the form “[+/-]hh:mm” or “Z” for UTC time can be appended. All other metadata values can be any UTF-8 string.

New in version 1.18.0: Only available with cairo 1.15.10+

set_page_label(utf8: str) → None

Parameters:: utf8 – metadata value

Set page label for the current page.

New in version 1.18.0: Only available with cairo 1.15.10+

set_thumbnail_size(width: int, height: int) → None

Parameters:

width – Thumbnail width.
height – Thumbnail height

Set the thumbnail image size for the current and all subsequent pages. Setting a width or height of 0 disables thumbnails for the current and subsequent pages.

New in version 1.18.0: Only available with cairo 1.15.10+

class PSSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.PSSurface(fobj: cairo._FileLike | cairo._PathLike, width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float)

The PSSurface is used to render cairo graphics to Adobe PostScript files and is a multi-page vector surface backend.

__init__(fobj: cairo._FileLike | cairo._PathLike, width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float) → None

Parameters:

fobj – a filename or writable file object. None may be used to specify no output. This will generate a PSSurface that may be queried and used as a source, without generating a temporary file.
width_in_points – width of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
height_in_points – height of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)

Returns:

a new PDFSurface of the specified size in points to be written to fobj.

Raises:

MemoryError in case of no memory

Note that the size of individual pages of the PostScript output can vary. See set_size().

dsc_begin_page_setup() → None

This method indicates that subsequent calls to dsc_comment() should direct comments to the PageSetup section of the PostScript output.

This method call is only needed for the first page of a surface. It should be called after any call to dsc_begin_setup() and before any drawing is performed to the surface.

See dsc_comment() for more details.

New in version 1.2.

dsc_begin_setup() → None

This function indicates that subsequent calls to dsc_comment() should direct comments to the Setup section of the PostScript output.

This function should be called at most once per surface, and must be called before any call to dsc_begin_page_setup() and before any drawing is performed to the surface.

See dsc_comment() for more details.

New in version 1.2.

dsc_comment(comment: str) → None

Parameters:: comment – a comment string to be emitted into the PostScript output

Emit a comment into the PostScript output for the given surface.

The comment is expected to conform to the PostScript Language Document Structuring Conventions (DSC). Please see that manual for details on the available comments and their meanings. In particular, the %%IncludeFeature comment allows a device-independent means of controlling printer device features. So the PostScript Printer Description Files Specification will also be a useful reference.

The comment string must begin with a percent character (%) and the total length of the string (including any initial percent characters) must not exceed 255 characters. Violating either of these conditions will place PSSurface into an error state. But beyond these two conditions, this function will not enforce conformance of the comment with any particular specification.

The comment string should not have a trailing newline.

The DSC specifies different sections in which particular comments can appear. This function provides for comments to be emitted within three sections: the header, the Setup section, and the PageSetup section. Comments appearing in the first two sections apply to the entire document while comments in the BeginPageSetup section apply only to a single page.

For comments to appear in the header section, this function should be called after the surface is created, but before a call to dsc_begin_setup().

For comments to appear in the Setup section, this function should be called after a call to dsc_begin_setup() but before a call to dsc_begin_page_setup().

For comments to appear in the PageSetup section, this function should be called after a call to dsc_begin_page_setup().

Note that it is only necessary to call dsc_begin_page_setup() for the first page of any surface. After a call to Context.show_page() or Context.copy_page() comments are unambiguously directed to the PageSetup section of the current page. But it doesn’t hurt to call this function at the beginning of every page as that consistency may make the calling code simpler.

As a final note, cairo automatically generates several comments on its own. As such, applications must not manually generate any of the following comments:

Header section: %!PS-Adobe-3.0, %Creator, %CreationDate, %Pages, %BoundingBox, %DocumentData, %LanguageLevel, %EndComments.

Setup section: %BeginSetup, %EndSetup

PageSetup section: %BeginPageSetup, %PageBoundingBox, %EndPageSetup.

Other sections: %BeginProlog, %EndProlog, %Page, %Trailer, %EOF

Here is an example sequence showing how this function might be used:

surface = PSSurface (filename, width, height)
...
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%Title: My excellent document")
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%Copyright: Copyright (C) 2006 Cairo Lover")
...
surface.dsc_begin_setup (surface)
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *MediaColor White")
...
surface.dsc_begin_page_setup (surface)
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *PageSize A3")
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *InputSlot LargeCapacity")
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *MediaType Glossy")
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *MediaColor Blue")
... draw to first page here ..
ctx.show_page (cr)
...
surface.dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature:  PageSize A5");
...

New in version 1.2.

get_eps() → bool

Returns:: True iff the PSSurface will output Encapsulated PostScript.

New in version 1.6.

static level_to_string(level: PSLevel) → str

Parameters:: level – a PS level
Returns:: the string associated to given level.

Get the string representation of the given level. See get_levels() for a way to get the list of valid level ids.

Note

Prior to 1.12 this was available under ps_level_to_string()

New in version 1.12.0.

static ps_level_to_string(level: PSLevel) → str: Alias for level_to_string()

New in version 1.6.

restrict_to_level(level: PSLevel) → None

Parameters:: level – a PS level

Restricts the generated PostSript file to level. See get_levels() for a list of available level values that can be used here.

This function should only be called before any drawing operations have been performed on the given surface. The simplest way to do this is to call this function immediately after creating the surface.

New in version 1.6.

set_eps(eps: bool) → None

Parameters:: eps – True to output EPS format PostScript

If eps is True, the PostScript surface will output Encapsulated PostScript.

This function should only be called before any drawing operations have been performed on the current page. The simplest way to do this is to call this function immediately after creating the surface. An Encapsulated PostScript file should never contain more than one page.

New in version 1.6.

set_size(width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float) → None

Parameters:

width_in_points – new surface width, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
height_in_points – new surface height, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)

Changes the size of a PostScript surface for the current (and subsequent) pages.

This function should only be called before any drawing operations have been performed on the current page. The simplest way to do this is to call this function immediately after creating the surface or immediately after completing a page with either Context.show_page() or Context.copy_page().

New in version 1.2.

static get_levels() → List[PSLevel]

Returns:: supported level list

Retrieve the list of supported levels. See restrict_to_level().

New in version 1.12.0.

class RecordingSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.RecordingSurface(content: Content, rectangle: Rectangle)

A RecordingSurface is a surface that records all drawing operations at the highest level of the surface backend interface, (that is, the level of paint, mask, stroke, fill, and show_text_glyphs). The recording surface can then be “replayed” against any target surface by using it as a source surface.

If you want to replay a surface so that the results in target will be identical to the results that would have been obtained if the original operations applied to the recording surface had instead been applied to the target surface, you can use code like this:

cr = cairo.Context(target)
cr.set_source_surface(recording_surface, 0.0, 0.0)
cr.paint()

A RecordingSurface is logically unbounded, i.e. it has no implicit constraint on the size of the drawing surface. However, in practice this is rarely useful as you wish to replay against a particular target surface with known bounds. For this case, it is more efficient to specify the target extents to the recording surface upon creation.

The recording phase of the recording surface is careful to snapshot all necessary objects (paths, patterns, etc.), in order to achieve accurate replay.

New in version 1.11.0.

__init__(content: Content, rectangle: Rectangle) → None

Parameters:

content – the content for the new surface
rectangle – or None to record unbounded operations.

Creates a RecordingSurface which can be used to record all drawing operations at the highest level (that is, the level of paint, mask, stroke, fill and show_text_glyphs). The RecordingSurface can then be “replayed” against any target surface by using it as a source to drawing operations.

The recording phase of the RecordingSurface is careful to snapshot all necessary objects (paths, patterns, etc.), in order to achieve accurate replay.

New in version 1.11.0.

ink_extents() → Tuple[float, float, float, float]

x0: the x-coordinate of the top-left of the ink bounding box
y0: the y-coordinate of the top-left of the ink bounding box
width: the width of the ink bounding box
height: the height of the ink bounding box

Measures the extents of the operations stored within the RecordingSurface. This is useful to compute the required size of an ImageSurface (or equivalent) into which to replay the full sequence of drawing operations.

New in version 1.11.0.

get_extents() → Rectangle | None

Returns:: a rectangle or None if the surface is unbounded.

Get the extents of the recording-surface.

New in version 1.12.0.

class SVGSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.SVGSurface(fobj: cairo._PathLike | cairo._FileLike, width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float)

The SVGSurface is used to render cairo graphics to SVG files and is a multi-page vector surface backend

__init__(fobj: cairo._PathLike | cairo._FileLike, width_in_points: float, height_in_points: float) → None

Parameters:

fobj – a filename or writable file object. None may be used to specify no output. This will generate a SVGSurface that may be queried and used as a source, without generating a temporary file.
width_in_points – width of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
height_in_points – height of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)

restrict_to_version(version: SVGVersion) → None

Parameters:: version – SVG version

Restricts the generated SVG file to version . See get_versions() for a list of available version values that can be used here.

This function should only be called before any drawing operations have been performed on the given surface. The simplest way to do this is to call this function immediately after creating the surface.

New in version 1.12.0.

static get_versions() → List[SVGVersion]

Returns:: supported version list

Retrieve the list of supported versions. See restrict_to_version().

New in version 1.12.0.

static version_to_string(version: SVGVersion) → str

Parameters:: version – SVG version
Returns:: the string associated to the given version
Raises:: ValueError – if version isn’t valid

Get the string representation of the given version id. See get_versions() for a way to get the list of valid version ids.

New in version 1.12.0.

get_document_unit() → SVGUnit

Returns:: the SVG unit of the SVG surface.
Return type:: SVGUnit

Get the unit of the SVG surface.

New in version 1.18.0: Only available with cairo 1.15.10+

set_document_unit(unit: SVGUnit) → None

Parameters:: unit (SVGUnit) – SVG unit

Use the specified unit for the width and height of the generated SVG file. See SVGUnit for a list of available unit values that can be used here.

This function can be called at any time before generating the SVG file.

However to minimize the risk of ambiguities it’s recommended to call it before any drawing operations have been performed on the given surface, to make it clearer what the unit used in the drawing operations is.

The simplest way to do this is to call this function immediately after creating the SVG surface.

Note if this function is never called, the default unit for SVG documents generated by cairo will be “pt”. This is for historical reasons.

New in version 1.18.0: Only available with cairo 1.15.10+

class Win32Surface(`Surface`)

class cairo.Win32Surface(hdc: int)

The Microsoft Windows surface is used to render cairo graphics to Microsoft Windows windows, bitmaps, and printing device contexts.

__init__(hdc: int) → None

Parameters:: hdc (int) – the DC to create a surface for

Creates a cairo surface that targets the given DC. The DC will be queried for its initial clip extents, and this will be used as the size of the cairo surface. The resulting surface will always be of format cairo.FORMAT_RGB24, see cairo.Format.

class Win32PrintingSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.Win32PrintingSurface(hdc: int)

The Win32PrintingSurface is a multi-page vector surface type.

__init__(hdc: int) → None

Parameters:: hdc – the DC to create a surface for
Returns:: the newly created surface

Creates a cairo surface that targets the given DC. The DC will be queried for its initial clip extents, and this will be used as the size of the cairo surface. The DC should be a printing DC; antialiasing will be ignored, and GDI will be used as much as possible to draw to the surface.

The returned surface will be wrapped using the paginated surface to provide correct complex rendering behaviour; cairo.Surface.show_page() and associated methods must be used for correct output.

class XCBSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.XCBSurface(connection: Any, drawable: Any, visualtype: Any, width: int, height: int)

The XCB surface is used to render cairo graphics to X Window System windows and pixmaps using the XCB library.

Note that the XCB surface automatically takes advantage of the X render extension if it is available.

__init__(connection: Any, drawable: Any, visualtype: Any, width: int, height: int) → None

Parameters:

connection – an XCB connection
drawable – a X drawable
visualtype – a X visualtype
width – The surface width
height – The surface height

Creates a cairo surface that targets the given drawable (pixmap or window).

Note

This type isn’t implemented. Please file a bug if you need it.

set_size(width: int, height: int) → None

Parameters:

width – The width of the surface
height – The height of the surface

Informs cairo of the new size of the X Drawable underlying the surface. For a surface created for a Window (rather than a Pixmap), this function must be called each time the size of the window changes. (For a subwindow, you are normally resizing the window yourself, but for a toplevel window, it is necessary to listen for ConfigureNotify events.)

A Pixmap can never change size, so it is never necessary to call this function on a surface created for a Pixmap.

class XlibSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.XlibSurface

The XLib surface is used to render cairo graphics to X Window System windows and pixmaps using the XLib library.

Note that the XLib surface automatically takes advantage of X render extension if it is available.

Note

XlibSurface cannot be instantiated directly because Python interaction with Xlib would require open source Python bindings to Xlib which provided a C API. However, an XlibSurface instance can be returned from a function call when using pygtk http://www.pygtk.org/.

get_depth() → int

Returns:: the number of bits used to represent each pixel value.

New in version 1.2.

get_height() → int

Returns:: the height of the X Drawable underlying the surface in pixels.

New in version 1.2.

get_width() → int

Returns:: the width of the X Drawable underlying the surface in pixels.

New in version 1.2.

class ScriptSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.ScriptSurface(script: ScriptDevice, content: Content, width: float, height: float)

The script surface provides the ability to render to a native script that matches the cairo drawing model. The scripts can be replayed using tools under the util/cairo-script directory, or with cairo-perf-trace.

New in version 1.14.

__init__(script: ScriptDevice, content: Content, width: float, height: float) → None

Parameters:

script – the script (output device)
content – the content of the surface
width – width in pixels
height – height in pixels

Raises:

cairo.Error –

Create a new surface that will emit its rendering through script.

classmethod create_for_target(script: ScriptDevice, target: Surface) → ScriptSurface

Parameters:

script – the script (output device)
target – a target surface to wrap

Raises:

cairo.Error –

Create a proxy surface that will render to target and record the operations to device.

New in version 1.14.

class TeeSurface(`Surface`)

class cairo.TeeSurface(master: Surface)

This surface supports redirecting all its input to multiple surfaces.

New in version 1.14.

__init__(master: Surface) → None

add(target: Surface) → None

Parameters:: target –
Raises:: cairo.Error –

Add the surface

New in version 1.14.

remove(target: Surface) → None

Parameters:: target –
Raises:: cairo.Error –

Remove the surface

New in version 1.14.

index(index: int) → Surface

Parameters:: index –
Raises:: cairo.Error –

Returns the surface at index index. The master surface is at index 0.

New in version 1.14.

Surfaces

class Surface()

class ImageSurface(Surface)

class PDFSurface(Surface)

class PSSurface(Surface)

class RecordingSurface(Surface)

class SVGSurface(Surface)

class Win32Surface(Surface)

class Win32PrintingSurface(Surface)

class XCBSurface(Surface)

class XlibSurface(Surface)

class ScriptSurface(Surface)

class TeeSurface(Surface)

class ImageSurface(`Surface`)

class PDFSurface(`Surface`)

class PSSurface(`Surface`)

class RecordingSurface(`Surface`)

class SVGSurface(`Surface`)

class Win32Surface(`Surface`)

class Win32PrintingSurface(`Surface`)

class XCBSurface(`Surface`)

class XlibSurface(`Surface`)

class ScriptSurface(`Surface`)

class TeeSurface(`Surface`)